External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 0.807 | -0.735 | -2.472 | -2.795 | -4.028 | -4.846 | -5.018 | -2.435 | -1.336 | -2.006 | -4.689 | -5.327 | -4.806 | -4.339 | -2.676 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Rand | | 10.523 | 7.569 | 6.454 | 6.364 | 6.770 | 7.056 | 8.263 | 8.417 | 7.305 | 7.249 | 8.202 | 9.648 | 10.846 | 12.765 | 14.703 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 47 650 602 547.545 | 51 503 067 759.666 | 59 490 096 023.525 | 65 962 178 006.050 | 78 007 607 155.203 | 85 314 069 074.564 | 87 710 624 308.549 | 72 220 984 658.884 | 80 016 331 038.002 | 89 489 030 655.656 | 92 950 771 017.668 | 96 704 802 342.437 | 96 040 402 145.836 | 100 885 507 235.472 | 96 715 658 631.593 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 59 381 573 225.015 | 61 346 660 091.889 | 66 348 843 563.890 | 72 720 811 330.817 | 81 709 206 170.327 | 88 705 551 193.223 | 90 617 503 446.153 | 74 911 971 984.132 | 81 804 346 551.819 | 87 798 110 627.424 | 90 007 879 185.068 | 93 509 951 690.397 | 94 824 325 109.967 | 98 678 978 135.643 | 96 790 620 690.588 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 71 112 543 902.486 | 71 190 252 424.112 | 73 207 591 104.254 | 79 479 444 655.584 | 85 410 805 185.451 | 92 097 033 311.883 | 93 524 382 583.757 | 77 602 959 309.380 | 83 592 362 065.637 | 86 107 190 599.193 | 87 064 987 352.469 | 90 315 101 038.356 | 93 608 248 074.097 | 96 472 449 035.814 | 96 865 582 749.582 |
Government accounts | General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -1.740 | -2.349 | -2.397 | -1.277 | -0.884 | -0.368 | -0.928 | -3.349 | -3.144 | -3.393 | -4.034 | -3.665 | -3.990 | -3.672 | -3.960 |
Expenditure and GDP | Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Rand, 2015 | | 546 000 944 325.000 | 576 869 417 975.000 | 607 082 361 375.000 | 613 632 957 400.000 | 636 751 428 000.000 | 676 256 349 675.000 | 728 133 381 775.000 | 740 990 318 625.000 | 738 923 772 150.000 | 769 097 852 850.000 | 805 940 031 925.000 | 831 421 332 650.000 | 847 435 400 575.000 | 839 290 622 400.000 | 856 222 475 225.000 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Rand, 2015 | | 1 791 931 037 750.000 | 1 842 669 858 250.000 | 1 957 661 524 750.000 | 2 077 733 309 500.000 | 2 260 080 516 000.000 | 2 407 391 664 500.000 | 2 436 546 045 250.000 | 2 373 417 259 000.000 | 2 508 373 915 750.000 | 2 610 053 357 250.000 | 2 694 257 157 750.000 | 2 736 047 790 750.000 | 2 755 750 756 500.000 | 2 815 210 369 250.000 | 2 834 425 923 000.000 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Rand | | 1 360 679 275 000.000 | 1 490 399 020 750.000 | 1 652 434 096 500.000 | 1 835 380 952 000.000 | 2 057 593 915 250.000 | 2 346 649 868 000.000 | 2 611 630 847 000.000 | 2 794 228 393 000.000 | 3 055 613 202 000.000 | 3 327 047 001 250.000 | 3 566 385 019 250.000 | 3 868 630 223 000.000 | 4 133 873 041 250.000 | 4 420 792 527 250.000 | 4 759 554 551 500.000 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Rand, 2015 | | 3 010 473 149 250.000 | 3 099 254 274 250.000 | 3 240 411 666 750.000 | 3 411 409 874 750.000 | 3 602 578 681 500.000 | 3 795 693 977 250.000 | 3 916 816 237 750.000 | 3 856 572 112 750.000 | 3 973 801 603 250.000 | 4 099 713 750 000.000 | 4 197 952 413 000.000 | 4 302 291 169 250.000 | 4 363 118 099 250.000 | 4 420 792 525 500.000 | 4 450 170 991 250.000 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Rand, 2015 | | 389 883 839 750.000 | 429 796 299 500.000 | 485 141 086 975.000 | 538 427 705 675.000 | 603 817 879 200.000 | 686 895 440 375.000 | 774 972 723 925.000 | 723 229 731 775.000 | 694 935 162 000.000 | 742 493 117 125.000 | 755 541 976 675.000 | 796 022 924 825.000 | 785 536 998 500.000 | 796 138 460 675.000 | 780 757 339 175.000 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.989 | 0.109 | 2.834 | 8.567 | 7.463 | 7.828 | 1.550 | -17.024 | 7.718 | 3.008 | 1.112 | 3.733 | 3.646 | 3.060 | 0.408 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 5.342 | 8.085 | 15.508 | 10.879 | 18.261 | 9.366 | 2.809 | -17.660 | 10.794 | 11.838 | 3.868 | 4.039 | -0.687 | 5.045 | -4.133 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.700 | 2.949 | 4.555 | 5.277 | 5.604 | 5.360 | 3.191 | -1.538 | 3.040 | 3.169 | 2.396 | 2.485 | 1.414 | 1.322 | 0.665 |
Core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | .. | 5.409 | -1.567 | 1.681 | 2.326 | 5.208 | 7.766 | 7.448 | 3.996 | 3.487 | 4.642 | 5.220 | 5.526 | 5.344 | 5.493 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 12.538 | 6.396 | 6.042 | 5.504 | 6.158 | 8.246 | 7.850 | 8.663 | 6.128 | 5.539 | 4.685 | 5.844 | 5.367 | 5.546 | 6.952 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.493 | 10.237 | 12.877 | 10.984 | 12.145 | 13.759 | 12.823 | -6.677 | -3.912 | 6.844 | 1.757 | 5.358 | -1.317 | 1.350 | -1.932 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.173 | 2.832 | 6.240 | 6.133 | 8.776 | 6.518 | 1.211 | -2.591 | 5.686 | 4.054 | 3.226 | 1.551 | 0.720 | 2.158 | 0.683 |
Headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 9.113 | 5.869 | 1.429 | 3.363 | 4.596 | 7.155 | 11.541 | 6.572 | 4.274 | 4.992 | 5.675 | 5.726 | 6.078 | 4.600 | 6.299 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 4.571 | 5.654 | 5.237 | 1.079 | 3.767 | 6.204 | 7.671 | 1.766 | -0.279 | 4.084 | 4.790 | 3.162 | 1.926 | -0.961 | 2.017 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index | Index, 2015 | | 0.498 | 0.527 | 0.535 | 0.553 | 0.578 | 0.620 | 0.691 | 0.737 | 0.768 | 0.807 | 0.852 | 0.901 | 0.956 | 1.000 | 1.063 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.428 | 0.394 | 0.404 | 0.430 | 0.495 | 0.561 | 0.709 | 0.708 | 0.742 | 0.843 | 0.875 | 0.957 | 1.008 | 1.000 | 1.089 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.562 | 0.496 | 0.500 | 0.522 | 0.574 | 0.631 | 0.790 | 0.749 | 0.740 | 0.788 | 0.858 | 0.960 | 1.033 | 1.000 | 1.072 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.452 | 0.481 | 0.510 | 0.538 | 0.571 | 0.618 | 0.667 | 0.725 | 0.769 | 0.812 | 0.850 | 0.899 | 0.947 | 1.000 | 1.070 |
Labour markets | Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 27.051 | 26.411 | 24.097 | 23.406 | 22.384 | 22.009 | 22.549 | 23.676 | 24.870 | 24.785 | 24.870 | 24.737 | 25.079 | 25.345 | 26.715 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 12 540 935.780 | 12 444 829.100 | 12 757 077.207 | 13 526 719.490 | 14 125 447.019 | 14 214 936.581 | 14 584 861.037 | 14 193 824.214 | 13 787 976.154 | 14 070 050.141 | 14 424 889.214 | 14 865 627.835 | 15 146 303.543 | 15 740 732.505 | 15 780 441.971 |
Labour force | Persons | | 17 191 327.063 | 16 911 361.389 | 16 807 017.601 | 17 660 314.432 | 18 199 177.887 | 18 226 344.707 | 18 831 026.391 | 18 596 812.377 | 18 352 206.636 | 18 706 361.631 | 19 199 955.490 | 19 751 673.855 | 20 216 438.485 | 21 084 659.923 | 21 533 066.422 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 11.509 | 9.617 | 9.515 | 8.067 | 7.935 | 7.988 | 9.091 | 8.691 | 8.615 | 8.514 | 7.903 | 7.720 | 8.244 | 8.159 | 9.017 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 11.161 | 10.666 | 7.533 | 6.905 | 7.339 | 9.114 | 10.807 | 7.849 | 6.419 | 5.488 | 5.287 | 5.078 | 5.798 | 6.052 | 7.228 |