External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 7.197 | 6.636 | 7.267 | 8.658 | 8.505 | 7.789 | 8.029 | 8.371 | 6.926 | 7.815 | 4.403 | 6.667 | 6.429 | 6.423 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro | | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.951 | 0.925 | 0.924 | 0.924 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar | | 1.286 | 1.328 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.081 | 1.083 | 1.082 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 1 414 793 260 690.340 | 1 431 568 999 519.140 | 1 498 593 190 288.850 | 1 571 721 233 964.230 | 1 607 674 808 387.210 | 1 697 106 081 273.650 | 1 737 745 879 906.720 | 1 777 716 235 371.130 | 1 599 365 770 079.880 | 1 751 135 009 525.950 | 1 811 543 377 844.340 | 1 781 536 071 768.070 | 1 771 243 200 572.090 | 1 818 983 294 296.920 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 1 293 168 534 908.990 | 1 317 977 280 853.390 | 1 374 808 678 157.570 | 1 444 825 137 045.810 | 1 491 682 865 414.510 | 1 575 726 115 957.590 | 1 626 032 734 282.480 | 1 671 565 155 721.550 | 1 512 712 549 981.420 | 1 651 079 054 436.770 | 1 733 813 577 528.730 | 1 693 823 801 581.520 | 1 681 915 909 588.960 | 1 728 434 664 001.920 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 1 171 543 809 127.650 | 1 204 385 562 187.650 | 1 251 024 166 026.290 | 1 317 929 040 127.390 | 1 375 690 922 441.800 | 1 454 346 150 641.520 | 1 514 319 588 658.250 | 1 565 414 076 071.960 | 1 426 059 329 882.960 | 1 551 023 099 347.580 | 1 656 083 777 213.130 | 1 606 111 531 394.970 | 1 592 588 618 605.830 | 1 637 886 033 706.910 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 43.178 | 39.925 | 40.185 | 39.836 | 39.407 | 39.182 | 38.818 | 40.353 | 46.169 | 45.822 | 39.301 | 38.530 | 38.530 | 38.530 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 89.075 | 84.339 | 84.188 | 80.201 | 77.465 | 73.188 | 70.045 | 68.544 | 81.725 | 79.346 | 65.549 | 65.292 | 65.834 | 65.932 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 0.009 | 0.040 | 0.579 | 0.961 | 1.162 | 1.334 | 1.947 | 1.524 | -4.348 | -3.596 | -2.504 | -2.119 | -1.498 | -0.858 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 1.757 | 1.395 | 1.729 | 1.966 | 2.025 | 2.109 | 2.617 | 2.063 | -3.902 | -3.182 | -2.025 | -1.687 | -0.988 | -0.237 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 80.702 | 78.190 | 75.161 | 72.009 | 69.073 | 65.121 | 61.824 | 59.474 | 68.915 | 69.161 | 66.190 | 63.621 | 64.163 | 64.261 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.019 | 0.008 | 0.001 | -0.007 | 0.001 | 0.007 | -0.001 | -0.004 | -0.001 | 0.009 | 0.007 | -0.001 | -0.002 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 | | 1 275 324 080 000.000 | 1 290 446 080 000.000 | 1 350 863 080 000.000 | 1 416 782 220 000.000 | 1 449 191 520 000.000 | 1 529 806 730 000.000 | 1 566 440 290 000.000 | 1 602 470 400 000.000 | 1 441 701 580 000.000 | 1 578 509 530 000.000 | 1 632 962 890 000.000 | 1 605 913 680 000.000 | 1 596 635 471 760.470 | 1 639 669 385 478.030 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 561 509 220 000.000 | 569 479 480 000.000 | 579 118 290 000.000 | 595 922 910 000.000 | 619 982 690 000.000 | 630 291 880 000.000 | 635 401 820 000.000 | 652 176 620 000.000 | 679 007 370 000.000 | 700 177 000 000.000 | 711 156 600 000.000 | 700 534 560 000.000 | 707 838 476 892.720 | 711 899 850 620.683 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 572 139 749 999.999 | 588 390 580 000.000 | 608 898 300 000.000 | 595 545 130 000.000 | 620 130 480 000.000 | 663 729 900 000.000 | 682 803 710 000.000 | 683 684 980 000.000 | 658 487 250 000.001 | 684 461 680 000.001 | 708 135 900 000.000 | 704 849 890 000.000 | 687 215 218 456.255 | 696 115 148 081.765 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro | | 2 746 773 000 000.000 | 2 816 098 000 000.000 | 2 932 023 000 000.000 | 3 023 553 000 000.010 | 3 129 374 000 000.000 | 3 271 307 000 000.000 | 3 370 332 000 000.000 | 3 480 297 000 000.000 | 3 396 717 999 999.990 | 3 608 302 999 999.990 | 3 870 180 000 000.000 | 4 122 311 000 000.000 | 4 274 980 016 747.560 | 4 397 394 128 982.590 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 | | 3 734 641 641 297.120 | 3 755 155 916 663.740 | 3 837 990 154 918.030 | 3 885 629 682 224.250 | 3 968 852 752 317.360 | 4 087 270 983 142.530 | 4 128 299 199 750.520 | 4 173 896 977 586.570 | 3 998 700 495 379.170 | 4 123 632 562 285.210 | 4 201 216 818 933.690 | 4 196 647 321 960.480 | 4 205 424 531 310.760 | 4 252 270 967 422.730 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 | | 3 224 031 466 521.390 | 3 241 740 975 397.300 | 3 313 249 895 472.530 | 3 354 376 019 432.350 | 3 426 220 609 219.410 | 3 528 448 383 410.230 | 3 563 867 112 719.280 | 3 603 230 640 646.910 | 3 451 987 489 171.640 | 3 559 838 510 385.760 | 3 626 815 240 355.080 | 3 622 870 497 206.270 | 3 630 447 663 063.530 | 3 670 889 129 374.310 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 | | 2 906 116 240 000.000 | 2 922 079 450 000.000 | 2 986 537 020 000.000 | 3 023 607 780 000.000 | 3 088 367 920 000.000 | 3 180 515 220 000.000 | 3 212 441 380 000.000 | 3 247 923 350 000.000 | 3 111 593 980 000.000 | 3 208 810 030 000.000 | 3 269 182 320 000.000 | 3 265 626 560 000.000 | 3 272 456 556 847.000 | 3 308 910 171 904.910 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 585 661 659 999.999 | 578 906 580 000.000 | 597 551 180 000.001 | 604 427 430 000.000 | 626 404 120 000.001 | 647 123 740 000.000 | 669 312 500 000.000 | 681 398 880 000.000 | 659 391 900 000.000 | 657 301 790 000.001 | 658 937 530 000.000 | 657 801 580 000.000 | 645 731 244 352.584 | 655 127 043 852.517 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 | | 1 055 999 760 000.000 | 1 085 602 480 000.000 | 1 127 641 330 000.000 | 1 187 947 680 000.000 | 1 240 012 770 000.000 | 1 310 910 590 000.000 | 1 364 969 120 000.000 | 1 411 024 390 000.000 | 1 285 413 570 000.000 | 1 398 052 730 000.000 | 1 492 751 750 000.000 | 1 447 708 040 000.000 | 1 435 518 830 728.810 | 1 476 348 767 349.770 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.014 | -0.006 | 0.006 | 0.001 | -0.007 | 0.003 | -0.005 | -0.003 | -0.011 | 0.008 | -0.012 | 0.006 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 1 549 590 170 000.000 | 1 557 725 220 000.000 | 1 574 396 060 000.000 | 1 603 289 620 000.000 | 1 638 955 690 000.000 | 1 666 927 410 000.000 | 1 691 412 830 000.000 | 1 719 064 030 000.000 | 1 614 630 590 000.000 | 1 638 795 330 000.000 | 1 703 154 550 000.000 | 1 693 095 920 000.000 | 1 709 307 232 987.410 | 1 730 626 147 928.790 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.566 | 1.186 | 4.682 | 4.880 | 2.288 | 5.563 | 2.395 | 2.300 | -10.033 | 9.489 | 3.450 | -1.656 | -0.578 | 2.695 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.282 | 1.419 | 1.693 | 2.902 | 4.037 | 1.663 | 0.811 | 2.640 | 4.114 | 3.118 | 1.568 | -1.494 | 1.043 | 0.574 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.489 | 1.964 | 1.869 | 1.857 | 1.330 | 1.507 | 2.003 | 2.135 | 1.875 | 3.011 | 5.277 | 6.631 | 3.487 | 1.730 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage | | 2.117 | 2.524 | 4.117 | 3.122 | 3.500 | 4.536 | 3.027 | 3.263 | -2.401 | 6.229 | 7.258 | 6.515 | 3.703 | 2.864 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.618 | 0.549 | 2.206 | 1.241 | 2.142 | 2.984 | 1.004 | 1.105 | -4.197 | 3.124 | 1.881 | -0.109 | 0.209 | 1.114 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.356 | -1.153 | 3.221 | 1.151 | 3.636 | 3.308 | 3.429 | 1.806 | -3.230 | -0.317 | 0.249 | -0.172 | -1.835 | 1.455 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.320 | 1.155 | 1.107 | 1.885 | 1.050 | 1.286 | 1.343 | 1.342 | 0.713 | 2.204 | 3.943 | 5.120 | 2.828 | 2.155 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.159 | 1.607 | 0.769 | 0.680 | 0.367 | 1.702 | 1.935 | 1.354 | 0.371 | 3.212 | 8.666 | 6.030 | 2.412 | 2.161 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.544 | 2.803 | 3.872 | 5.348 | 4.383 | 5.718 | 4.124 | 3.374 | -8.902 | 8.763 | 6.774 | -3.017 | -0.842 | 2.844 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.525 | 0.525 | 1.070 | 1.835 | 2.225 | 1.707 | 1.469 | 1.635 | -6.075 | 1.497 | 3.927 | -0.591 | 0.957 | 1.247 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro | | 1 613 950 000 000.000 | 1 636 964 000 000.000 | 1 678 036 000 000.000 | 1 724 533 000 000.000 | 1 784 885 000 000.000 | 1 844 459 000 000.000 | 1 920 280 000 000.000 | 1 961 182 000 000.000 | 1 986 971 000 000.000 | 2 035 553 000 000.000 | 2 164 467 000 000.000 | 2 295 496 000 000.000 | 2 365 260 377 180.300 | 2 435 887 363 566.790 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.970 | 0.986 | 0.993 | 1.000 | 1.004 | 1.021 | 1.041 | 1.055 | 1.059 | 1.093 | 1.187 | 1.259 | 1.289 | 1.317 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.960 | 0.971 | 0.982 | 1.000 | 1.010 | 1.023 | 1.037 | 1.051 | 1.059 | 1.082 | 1.125 | 1.182 | 1.216 | 1.242 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.999 | 0.994 | 0.992 | 1.000 | 0.993 | 1.010 | 1.021 | 1.026 | 1.022 | 1.077 | 1.204 | 1.210 | 1.227 | 1.243 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.945 | 0.964 | 0.982 | 1.000 | 1.013 | 1.029 | 1.049 | 1.072 | 1.092 | 1.124 | 1.184 | 1.262 | 1.306 | 1.329 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 1.047 | 1.030 | 1.015 | 1.000 | 0.975 | 1.001 | 1.019 | 1.017 | 0.994 | 1.078 | 1.267 | 1.224 | 1.236 | 1.253 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro | | 0.787 | 0.775 | 0.769 | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.745 | 0.735 | 0.718 | 0.707 | 0.702 | 0.694 | 0.711 | 0.728 | 0.728 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons | | 40 572 500.000 | 40 903 333.333 | 41 178 333.333 | 41 345 000.000 | 42 172 500.000 | 42 444 166.667 | 42 575 000.000 | 42 885 000.000 | 42 769 166.667 | 42 890 833.333 | 43 773 333.333 | 44 245 833.333 | 44 427 417.540 | 44 444 023.718 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 38 515 833.333 | 38 882 500.000 | 39 232 500.000 | 39 542 500.000 | 40 515 000.000 | 40 936 666.667 | 41 206 666.667 | 41 601 666.667 | 41 199 166.667 | 41 354 166.667 | 42 435 000.000 | 42 912 500.000 | 43 030 044.979 | 43 101 023.336 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 5.069 | 4.941 | 4.725 | 4.360 | 3.930 | 3.552 | 3.214 | 2.992 | 3.671 | 3.583 | 3.057 | 3.013 | 3.145 | 3.022 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 1.495 | 1.571 | 1.163 | 0.495 | 0.091 | 0.316 | 0.396 | -0.254 | -0.511 | -0.374 | 1.143 | 2.435 | 2.312 | 2.213 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.431 | 3.736 | 2.799 |