External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 10.201 | 9.751 | 8.173 | 5.202 | 7.115 | 8.909 | 9.318 | 6.924 | 5.145 | 12.121 | 9.268 | 10.089 | 9.797 | 9.782 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro | | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.951 | 0.925 | 0.924 | 0.924 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar | | 1.286 | 1.328 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.081 | 1.083 | 1.082 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 549 543 635 611.869 | 563 982 126 611.484 | 589 522 710 974.823 | 633 003 505 971.588 | 642 594 400 938.212 | 685 857 725 387.377 | 714 498 374 597.632 | 727 796 254 765.955 | 696 230 848 599.196 | 752 188 461 492.731 | 787 177 919 240.587 | 776 331 020 907.210 | 771 975 726 356.366 | 789 398 410 128.667 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 512 252 642 770.054 | 525 149 703 675.012 | 545 874 814 276.084 | 604 116 562 504.756 | 602 915 403 072.521 | 642 687 133 868.642 | 670 682 782 639.714 | 687 041 280 500.499 | 655 912 785 736.701 | 703 062 327 568.616 | 733 522 722 985.348 | 725 738 553 381.677 | 722 705 224 550.566 | 737 885 807 109.319 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 474 961 649 928.240 | 486 317 280 738.541 | 502 226 917 577.345 | 575 229 619 037.923 | 563 236 405 206.831 | 599 516 542 349.906 | 626 867 190 681.796 | 646 286 306 235.043 | 615 594 722 874.207 | 653 936 193 644.502 | 679 867 526 730.108 | 675 146 085 856.144 | 673 434 722 744.766 | 686 373 204 089.971 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 37.714 | 36.378 | 37.505 | 35.363 | 34.936 | 33.216 | 31.770 | 31.893 | 35.215 | 33.270 | 29.271 | 27.266 | 27.266 | 27.266 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 79.410 | 78.851 | 83.290 | 79.636 | 77.621 | 70.739 | 65.978 | 62.304 | 70.237 | 65.670 | 54.283 | 51.291 | 51.357 | 51.112 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -3.934 | -2.957 | -2.254 | -1.943 | 0.127 | 1.370 | 1.502 | 1.800 | -3.717 | -2.237 | -0.094 | -0.343 | -1.031 | -0.524 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -2.785 | -1.809 | -1.146 | -0.956 | 1.030 | 2.162 | 2.205 | 2.368 | -3.202 | -1.893 | 0.304 | 0.089 | -0.516 | 0.079 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 66.275 | 67.694 | 67.887 | 64.643 | 61.924 | 56.902 | 52.434 | 48.593 | 54.709 | 51.680 | 50.115 | 46.439 | 46.505 | 46.260 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.003 | -0.008 | 0.004 | -0.002 | -0.006 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 | | 495 288 000 000.000 | 508 301 000 000.000 | 531 320 000 000.000 | 570 508 000 000.000 | 579 152 000 000.000 | 618 144 000 000.000 | 643 957 000 000.000 | 655 942 000 000.000 | 627 493 000 000.000 | 677 926 000 000.000 | 709 461 000 000.000 | 699 685 000 000.000 | 695 759 697 280.232 | 711 462 265 085.621 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 171 679 000 000.000 | 171 688 000 000.000 | 172 542 000 000.000 | 172 329 000 000.000 | 174 650 000 000.000 | 176 287 000 000.000 | 179 352 000 000.000 | 184 288 000 000.000 | 187 119 000 000.000 | 196 504 000 000.000 | 199 614 000 000.000 | 206 761 000 000.000 | 212 304 247 972.575 | 214 445 349 553.293 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 121 919 000 000.000 | 121 450 000 000.000 | 120 010 000 000.000 | 155 211 000 000.000 | 144 716 000 000.000 | 151 241 000 000.000 | 156 959 000 000.000 | 168 632 000 000.000 | 157 949 000 000.000 | 165 310 000 000.000 | 167 064 000 000.000 | 165 633 000 000.000 | 159 755 159 681.706 | 160 429 826 189.530 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro | | 652 530 999 999.999 | 660 448 000 000.000 | 671 537 000 000.000 | 690 163 000 000.000 | 708 176 999 999.999 | 738 888 000 000.001 | 774 116 000 000.001 | 812 507 999 999.999 | 795 983 000 000.000 | 870 078 999 999.997 | 958 892 000 000.000 | 1 035 067 000 000.000 | 1 078 365 112 344.110 | 1 113 937 661 948.710 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 | | 824 594 273 345.822 | 823 907 801 832.640 | 835 703 752 978.214 | 852 060 541 839.065 | 870 310 066 005.146 | 896 430 554 013.915 | 917 206 194 575.625 | 934 627 261 214.107 | 898 319 585 336.160 | 953 896 615 362.001 | 995 741 745 802.216 | 997 378 906 281.495 | 1 004 443 721 736.730 | 1 017 938 986 252.810 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 | | 740 996 731 187.440 | 740 379 854 301.724 | 750 979 929 420.668 | 765 678 463 560.901 | 782 077 847 100.060 | 805 550 234 499.724 | 824 219 636 219.055 | 839 874 551 430.308 | 807 247 755 426.246 | 857 190 374 371.628 | 894 793 236 621.081 | 896 264 421 424.067 | 902 613 004 391.459 | 914 740 116 131.334 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 | | 667 871 000 000.000 | 667 315 000 000.000 | 676 869 000 000.000 | 690 117 000 000.000 | 704 898 000 000.000 | 726 054 000 000.000 | 742 881 000 000.000 | 756 991 000 000.000 | 727 584 000 000.000 | 772 598 000 000.000 | 806 490 000 000.000 | 807 816 000 000.000 | 813 538 069 041.007 | 824 468 409 086.965 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 122 828 000 000.000 | 120 984 000 000.000 | 118 306 000 000.000 | 152 642 000 000.000 | 141 419 000 000.000 | 147 523 000 000.000 | 152 768 000 000.000 | 162 142 000 000.000 | 157 942 000 000.000 | 162 540 000 000.000 | 165 478 000 000.000 | 168 616 000 000.000 | 163 090 592 999.569 | 163 790 287 978.275 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 | | 428 341 000 000.000 | 438 582 000 000.000 | 452 930 000 000.000 | 518 767 000 000.000 | 507 951 000 000.000 | 540 670 000 000.000 | 565 336 000 000.000 | 582 849 000 000.000 | 555 170 000 000.000 | 589 748 000 000.000 | 613 134 000 000.000 | 608 876 000 000.000 | 607 332 618 578.359 | 619 001 101 789.001 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.010 | 0.004 | 0.013 | -0.042 | 0.028 | 0.009 | 0.002 | -0.007 | -0.001 | 0.020 | 0.010 | -0.007 | -0.003 | 0.005 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 306 534 000 000.000 | 303 600 000 000.000 | 304 784 000 000.000 | 310 853 000 000.000 | 314 325 000 000.000 | 321 071 000 000.000 | 327 940 000 000.000 | 330 840 000 000.000 | 309 922 000 000.000 | 323 452 000 000.000 | 344 587 000 000.000 | 345 879 000 000.000 | 352 330 254 880.810 | 356 603 205 912.901 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.248 | 2.627 | 4.529 | 7.376 | 1.515 | 6.733 | 4.176 | 1.861 | -4.337 | 8.037 | 4.652 | -1.378 | -0.561 | 2.257 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -1.119 | 0.005 | 0.497 | -0.123 | 1.347 | 0.937 | 1.739 | 2.752 | 1.536 | 5.016 | 1.583 | 3.580 | 2.681 | 1.009 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.439 | 1.298 | 0.244 | 0.801 | 0.458 | 1.296 | 2.395 | 3.003 | 1.926 | 2.940 | 5.576 | 7.767 | 3.450 | 1.929 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage | | 0.393 | 1.213 | 1.679 | 2.774 | 2.610 | 4.337 | 4.768 | 4.959 | -2.034 | 9.309 | 10.207 | 7.944 | 4.183 | 3.299 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -1.031 | -0.083 | 1.432 | 1.957 | 2.142 | 3.001 | 2.318 | 1.899 | -3.885 | 6.187 | 4.387 | 0.164 | 0.708 | 1.344 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -6.328 | -1.501 | -2.214 | 29.023 | -7.352 | 4.316 | 3.555 | 6.136 | -2.590 | 2.911 | 1.808 | 1.896 | -3.277 | 0.429 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.249 | 2.545 | 0.594 | 0.916 | 0.598 | 0.751 | 0.980 | 1.877 | 1.919 | 1.760 | 4.778 | 6.359 | 2.748 | 2.315 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.824 | 2.562 | 0.318 | 0.212 | 0.104 | 1.294 | 1.601 | 2.676 | 1.112 | 2.827 | 11.635 | 4.096 | 2.778 | 2.325 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.169 | 2.391 | 3.271 | 14.536 | -2.085 | 6.441 | 4.562 | 3.098 | -4.749 | 6.228 | 3.965 | -0.694 | -0.253 | 1.921 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -1.156 | -0.957 | 0.390 | 1.991 | 1.117 | 2.146 | 2.139 | 0.884 | -6.323 | 4.366 | 6.534 | 0.375 | 1.865 | 1.213 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro | | 305 111 000 000.000 | 308 382 000 000.000 | 316 606 000 000.000 | 322 766 000 000.000 | 332 033 000 000.000 | 339 897 000 000.000 | 356 524 000 000.000 | 374 577 000 000.001 | 388 376 000 000.000 | 409 675 000 000.000 | 446 651 000 000.000 | 493 822 000 000.000 | 513 071 986 394.506 | 532 356 806 728.866 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.970 | 0.995 | 0.998 | 1.000 | 1.001 | 1.014 | 1.030 | 1.058 | 1.070 | 1.100 | 1.228 | 1.278 | 1.314 | 1.344 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.961 | 0.985 | 0.991 | 1.000 | 1.006 | 1.014 | 1.023 | 1.043 | 1.063 | 1.081 | 1.133 | 1.205 | 1.238 | 1.267 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 1.047 | 1.038 | 1.019 | 1.000 | 0.971 | 0.997 | 1.017 | 1.021 | 0.991 | 1.077 | 1.266 | 1.259 | 1.250 | 1.264 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.977 | 0.990 | 0.992 | 1.000 | 1.005 | 1.018 | 1.042 | 1.073 | 1.094 | 1.126 | 1.189 | 1.281 | 1.326 | 1.351 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 1.063 | 1.050 | 1.031 | 1.000 | 0.965 | 0.993 | 1.015 | 1.013 | 0.977 | 1.074 | 1.296 | 1.257 | 1.249 | 1.266 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro | | 0.824 | 0.798 | 0.809 | 0.810 | 0.795 | 0.782 | 0.777 | 0.767 | 0.748 | 0.734 | 0.726 | 0.744 | 0.757 | 0.757 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons | | 9 117 250.000 | 9 187 916.667 | 9 144 083.333 | 9 182 750.000 | 9 215 250.000 | 9 290 666.667 | 9 397 500.000 | 9 540 250.000 | 9 582 000.000 | 9 662 000.000 | 9 895 750.000 | 10 094 750.000 | 10 205 504.558 | 10 275 345.930 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 8 495 416.667 | 8 433 333.333 | 8 381 666.667 | 8 457 750.000 | 8 569 416.667 | 8 745 000.000 | 8 939 333.333 | 9 117 083.333 | 9 115 833.333 | 9 254 000.000 | 9 546 666.667 | 9 736 583.333 | 9 826 405.593 | 9 874 028.303 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 6.820 | 8.213 | 8.338 | 7.895 | 7.008 | 5.873 | 4.875 | 4.436 | 4.865 | 4.223 | 3.528 | 3.548 | 3.715 | 3.906 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 1.932 | 1.961 | 1.455 | 0.690 | 0.291 | 0.522 | 0.577 | -0.070 | -0.377 | -0.328 | 1.378 | 2.792 | 2.663 | 2.563 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.431 | 3.736 | 2.799 |