External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -2.573 | -2.011 | -2.102 | -2.233 | -2.107 | -1.874 | -2.129 | -2.053 | -2.800 | -3.524 | -3.774 | -2.993 | -2.963 | -3.097 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | US Dollar | | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar | | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 2 114 719 598 060.310 | 2 178 380 191 551.940 | 2 263 387 622 626.520 | 2 270 622 250 000.000 | 2 281 386 297 436.270 | 2 375 251 466 428.170 | 2 443 042 687 288.800 | 2 455 535 516 528.280 | 2 133 136 979 695.410 | 2 268 448 405 716.180 | 2 426 324 002 227.770 | 2 490 260 335 546.780 | 2 546 408 006 976.440 | 2 613 215 840 447.860 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 2 305 530 858 512.600 | 2 352 501 515 244.360 | 2 460 204 314 357.300 | 2 532 782 000 000.000 | 2 558 519 722 945.990 | 2 672 233 185 659.740 | 2 766 075 318 747.420 | 2 790 814 449 710.500 | 2 488 714 930 810.360 | 2 762 190 308 889.840 | 2 980 874 738 870.000 | 2 983 162 923 157.810 | 3 049 655 183 656.190 | 3 140 273 698 484.930 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 2 496 342 118 964.870 | 2 526 622 838 936.780 | 2 657 021 006 088.090 | 2 794 941 750 000.000 | 2 835 653 148 455.720 | 2 969 214 904 891.310 | 3 089 107 950 206.040 | 3 126 093 382 892.730 | 2 844 292 881 925.310 | 3 255 932 212 063.490 | 3 535 425 475 512.230 | 3 476 065 510 768.840 | 3 552 902 360 335.930 | 3 667 331 556 522.000 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 22.041 | 23.585 | 22.790 | 23.473 | 24.451 | 24.876 | 25.371 | 24.775 | 33.913 | 27.096 | 25.255 | 24.826 | 24.826 | 24.826 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 102.822 | 104.106 | 104.011 | 104.434 | 106.355 | 105.309 | 106.642 | 107.906 | 131.818 | 124.787 | 119.856 | 122.479 | 125.438 | 129.413 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -9.332 | -5.954 | -5.333 | -4.682 | -5.441 | -4.472 | -6.175 | -6.761 | -14.785 | -11.513 | -4.007 | -7.976 | -7.580 | -7.750 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -6.334 | -3.772 | -2.762 | -2.159 | -2.677 | -1.680 | -3.185 | -3.584 | -11.933 | -8.851 | -1.025 | -3.967 | -3.198 | -3.194 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2017 | | 0.002 | 0.002 | -0.001 | 0.003 | -0.005 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 | -0.005 | 0.003 | 0.006 | -0.003 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2017 | | 2 126 301 500 000.000 | 2 190 310 750 000.000 | 2 275 783 750 000.000 | 2 283 058 000 000.000 | 2 293 881 000 000.000 | 2 388 260 250 000.000 | 2 456 422 750 000.000 | 2 468 984 000 000.000 | 2 144 819 750 000.000 | 2 280 872 250 000.000 | 2 439 612 500 000.000 | 2 503 899 000 000.000 | 2 560 354 181 146.430 | 2 627 527 907 938.540 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | US Dollar, 2017 | | 2 699 201 500 000.000 | 2 647 243 500 000.000 | 2 625 276 500 000.000 | 2 670 923 000 000.000 | 2 717 745 000 000.000 | 2 715 713 750 000.000 | 2 753 508 000 000.000 | 2 862 202 500 000.000 | 2 945 002 000 000.000 | 2 955 057 500 000.000 | 2 929 180 500 000.000 | 3 009 382 500 000.000 | 3 045 628 385 194.870 | 3 060 476 717 324.200 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | US Dollar, 2017 | | 3 390 975 750 000.000 | 3 566 724 000 000.000 | 3 751 008 000 000.000 | 3 966 198 250 000.000 | 3 981 050 500 000.000 | 4 149 091 250 000.000 | 4 379 618 000 000.000 | 4 519 594 250 000.000 | 4 374 194 250 000.000 | 4 663 478 250 000.000 | 4 842 555 000 000.000 | 4 862 927 000 000.000 | 5 043 133 553 523.120 | 5 202 232 994 089.440 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | US Dollar | | 16 253 970 000 000.000 | 16 880 683 250 000.000 | 17 608 138 250 000.000 | 18 295 019 000 000.000 | 18 804 913 250 000.000 | 19 612 102 500 000.000 | 20 656 515 500 000.000 | 21 521 395 000 000.000 | 21 322 949 500 000.000 | 23 594 030 750 000.000 | 25 744 108 250 000.000 | 27 360 934 750 000.000 | 28 719 941 556 979.100 | 29 839 510 604 931.800 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 | | 16 974 314 997 130.300 | 17 333 801 900 607.500 | 17 771 276 070 733.100 | 18 294 737 723 619.100 | 18 627 601 842 485.300 | 19 085 398 176 954.600 | 19 651 566 250 480.300 | 20 136 378 276 415.600 | 19 690 665 956 491.100 | 20 832 765 656 425.900 | 21 235 981 998 081.800 | 21 775 950 361 313.000 | 22 334 060 477 626.500 | 22 742 503 666 736.500 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 | | 16 974 314 997 130.300 | 17 333 801 900 607.500 | 17 771 276 070 733.100 | 18 294 737 723 619.100 | 18 627 601 842 485.300 | 19 085 398 176 954.600 | 19 651 566 250 480.300 | 20 136 378 276 415.600 | 19 690 665 956 491.100 | 20 832 765 656 425.900 | 21 235 981 998 081.800 | 21 775 950 361 313.000 | 22 334 060 477 626.500 | 22 742 503 666 736.500 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | US Dollar, 2017 | | 17 442 759 250 000.000 | 17 812 167 000 000.000 | 18 261 714 250 000.000 | 18 799 622 000 000.000 | 19 141 672 250 000.000 | 19 612 102 500 000.000 | 20 193 895 250 000.000 | 20 692 086 750 000.000 | 20 234 074 000 000.000 | 21 407 692 500 000.000 | 21 822 036 500 000.000 | 22 376 906 500 000.000 | 22 950 418 915 404.800 | 23 370 134 009 425.000 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | US Dollar, 2017 | | 3 334 211 250 000.000 | 3 470 193 000 000.000 | 3 674 643 250 000.000 | 3 836 362 500 000.000 | 3 947 726 250 000.000 | 4 116 417 000 000.000 | 4 323 277 750 000.000 | 4 447 793 750 000.000 | 4 401 558 250 000.000 | 4 636 345 500 000.000 | 4 679 661 250 000.000 | 4 775 682 000 000.000 | 4 939 482 844 198.920 | 5 097 227 300 371.240 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2017 | | 2 464 708 250 000.000 | 2 494 605 250 000.000 | 2 623 351 000 000.000 | 2 759 524 000 000.000 | 2 799 719 500 000.000 | 2 931 588 750 000.000 | 3 049 962 500 000.000 | 3 086 479 250 000.000 | 2 808 249 750 000.000 | 3 214 672 750 000.000 | 3 490 624 250 000.000 | 3 432 016 500 000.000 | 3 507 879 666 187.560 | 3 620 858 805 440.160 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2017 | | 0.001 | 0.002 | -0.003 | -0.008 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.003 | -0.001 | -0.002 | -0.012 | -0.005 | 0.006 | -0.001 | -0.002 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | US Dollar, 2017 | | 11 686 117 750 000.000 | 11 889 925 000 000.000 | 12 226 445 750 000.000 | 12 638 789 000 000.000 | 12 949 012 250 000.000 | 13 290 625 500 000.000 | 13 654 925 500 000.000 | 13 928 263 500 000.000 | 13 576 965 000 000.000 | 14 718 156 500 000.000 | 15 090 796 750 000.000 | 15 426 114 250 000.000 | 15 805 077 848 043.200 | 16 094 893 377 931.300 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Core inflation | Percentage, 2017 | | 1.850 | 1.494 | 1.498 | 1.230 | 1.602 | 1.599 | 1.897 | 1.649 | 1.318 | 3.615 | 5.243 | 4.097 | 2.586 | 2.117 |
Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2017 | | 4.018 | 3.010 | 3.902 | 0.320 | 0.474 | 4.114 | 2.854 | 0.511 | -13.129 | 6.343 | 6.960 | 2.635 | 2.255 | 2.624 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2017 | | -1.458 | -1.925 | -0.830 | 1.739 | 1.753 | -0.075 | 1.392 | 3.947 | 2.893 | 0.341 | -0.876 | 2.738 | 1.204 | 0.488 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2017 | | 1.862 | 1.702 | 1.742 | 0.928 | 0.950 | 1.791 | 2.291 | 1.679 | 1.321 | 4.585 | 7.041 | 3.645 | 2.344 | 2.032 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage | | 4.194 | 3.856 | 4.309 | 3.901 | 2.787 | 4.292 | 5.325 | 4.187 | -0.922 | 10.651 | 9.113 | 6.280 | 4.967 | 3.898 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2017 | | 2.289 | 2.118 | 2.524 | 2.946 | 1.819 | 2.458 | 2.966 | 2.467 | -2.213 | 5.800 | 1.935 | 2.543 | 2.563 | 1.829 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2017 | | 6.911 | 4.078 | 5.892 | 4.401 | 2.903 | 4.273 | 5.025 | 2.880 | -1.040 | 5.334 | 0.934 | 2.052 | 3.430 | 3.194 |
Headline inflation | Percentage, 2017 | | 2.073 | 1.466 | 1.615 | 0.121 | 1.267 | 2.131 | 2.439 | 1.813 | 1.249 | 4.682 | 7.992 | 4.128 | 3.031 | 2.214 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2017 | | 2.448 | 1.213 | 5.161 | 5.191 | 1.457 | 4.710 | 4.038 | 1.197 | -9.014 | 14.472 | 8.584 | -1.679 | 2.210 | 3.221 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2017 | | 1.367 | 1.744 | 2.830 | 3.373 | 2.455 | 2.638 | 2.741 | 2.002 | -2.522 | 8.405 | 2.532 | 2.222 | 2.457 | 1.834 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | US Dollar | | 12 023 888 000 000.000 | 12 003 929 750 000.000 | 12 586 447 000 000.000 | 13 088 010 500 000.000 | 13 473 045 750 000.000 | 14 132 272 000 000.000 | 14 931 098 250 000.000 | 15 608 493 000 000.000 | 16 884 804 000 000.000 | 18 163 483 000 000.000 | 18 134 546 500 000.000 | 19 484 418 750 000.000 | 20 294 682 813 071.900 | 21 211 464 859 614.700 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index | Index, 2017 | | 0.937 | 0.950 | 0.966 | 0.967 | 0.979 | 1.000 | 1.024 | 1.043 | 1.056 | 1.105 | 1.194 | 1.243 | 1.281 | 1.309 |
Core inflation index | Index, 2017 | | 0.929 | 0.943 | 0.957 | 0.969 | 0.984 | 1.000 | 1.019 | 1.036 | 1.049 | 1.087 | 1.144 | 1.191 | 1.222 | 1.248 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2017 | | 1.043 | 1.045 | 1.045 | 0.995 | 0.975 | 1.000 | 1.033 | 1.028 | 1.002 | 1.118 | 1.228 | 1.209 | 1.222 | 1.244 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2017 | | 0.932 | 0.948 | 0.964 | 0.973 | 0.982 | 1.000 | 1.023 | 1.040 | 1.054 | 1.102 | 1.180 | 1.223 | 1.251 | 1.277 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2017 | | 1.124 | 1.109 | 1.101 | 1.013 | 0.978 | 1.000 | 1.027 | 1.010 | 0.989 | 1.060 | 1.136 | 1.115 | 1.131 | 1.153 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | US Dollar | | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons | | 154 973 833.333 | 155 397 500.000 | 155 920 250.000 | 157 138 083.333 | 159 187 500.000 | 160 319 333.333 | 162 078 250.000 | 163 536 500.000 | 160 766 583.333 | 161 213 250.000 | 164 292 416.667 | 167 123 000.000 | 168 025 088.102 | 169 066 899.467 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 142 474 583.333 | 143 940 666.667 | 146 318 666.667 | 148 844 666.667 | 151 436 416.667 | 153 334 583.333 | 155 763 000.000 | 157 537 083.333 | 147 814 750.000 | 152 586 500.000 | 158 298 250.000 | 161 044 833.333 | 161 489 756.685 | 162 306 830.157 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 8.065 | 7.373 | 6.158 | 5.278 | 4.869 | 4.357 | 3.896 | 3.669 | 8.056 | 5.351 | 3.648 | 3.637 | 3.889 | 3.998 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 1.803 | 2.351 | 2.541 | 2.136 | 1.842 | 2.330 | 2.910 | 2.144 | 0.894 | 1.443 | 2.952 | 3.958 | 4.228 | 3.960 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 0.283 | 0.167 | 0.124 | 0.227 | 0.644 | 1.153 | 2.188 | 2.208 | 0.624 | 0.114 | 2.228 | 5.178 | 5.054 | 4.083 |