External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 2.323 | 2.960 | 3.063 | 3.399 | 3.561 | 3.499 | 3.480 | 3.256 | 2.708 | 4.124 | 1.423 | 3.097 | 2.864 | 2.954 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro | | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.753 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.885 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.876 | 0.845 | 0.949 | 0.925 | 0.924 | 0.924 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar | | 1.286 | 1.328 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.081 | 1.083 | 1.082 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 4 702 835 214 280.460 | 4 797 544 167 822.300 | 5 015 640 377 338.950 | 5 336 764 768 120.170 | 5 495 597 433 061.570 | 5 826 123 364 974.200 | 6 030 846 856 429.470 | 6 223 003 501 349.650 | 5 640 215 226 831.760 | 6 276 866 751 483.570 | 6 739 060 356 221.700 | 6 669 634 195 529.180 | 6 702 771 165 491.570 | 6 877 169 335 659.220 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 4 456 108 523 397.090 | 4 534 981 488 769.840 | 4 745 452 366 391.650 | 5 076 803 998 490.310 | 5 259 295 460 909.590 | 5 561 819 134 849.140 | 5 763 497 064 050.890 | 5 996 209 231 409.880 | 5 448 599 482 827.610 | 6 006 551 529 346.530 | 6 466 691 196 965.900 | 6 388 523 089 352.920 | 6 412 124 989 671.130 | 6 576 480 630 843.680 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 4 209 381 832 513.730 | 4 272 418 809 717.400 | 4 475 264 355 444.350 | 4 816 843 228 860.460 | 5 022 993 488 757.610 | 5 297 514 904 724.080 | 5 496 147 271 672.340 | 5 769 414 961 470.100 | 5 256 983 738 823.460 | 5 736 236 307 209.490 | 6 194 322 037 710.120 | 6 107 411 983 176.670 | 6 121 478 813 850.690 | 6 275 791 926 028.130 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 105.581 | 107.266 | 113.370 | 110.865 | 109.995 | 106.494 | 103.223 | 103.669 | 121.607 | 115.161 | 96.042 | 96.188 | 97.033 | 97.438 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -3.840 | -3.251 | -2.621 | -2.047 | -1.502 | -1.022 | -0.431 | -0.511 | -7.020 | -5.259 | -3.692 | -3.517 | -2.944 | -2.327 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -1.213 | -0.841 | -0.346 | -0.018 | 0.376 | 0.718 | 1.208 | 0.933 | -5.674 | -3.956 | -2.170 | -2.153 | -1.481 | -0.749 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 93.305 | 95.594 | 95.799 | 93.841 | 92.675 | 90.196 | 88.180 | 86.103 | 99.349 | 96.809 | 92.683 | 90.209 | 91.066 | 91.464 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.010 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.001 | -0.003 | -0.003 | 0.006 | 0.004 | -0.005 | -0.002 | 0.000 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 2 133 358 476 259.420 | 2 138 675 242 656.550 | 2 155 046 199 574.770 | 2 183 761 059 204.000 | 2 226 127 634 020.380 | 2 250 453 866 969.020 | 2 273 263 782 286.140 | 2 312 334 253 937.250 | 2 334 778 682 964.530 | 2 432 895 146 738.730 | 2 471 107 482 447.620 | 2 488 861 467 716.150 | 2 517 136 789 714.060 | 2 533 829 510 550.830 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 1 995 575 245 807.740 | 1 980 598 200 736.710 | 2 047 823 270 243.750 | 2 136 237 193 284.000 | 2 218 044 814 230.510 | 2 338 573 355 035.860 | 2 414 432 918 056.450 | 2 540 681 719 252.250 | 2 352 545 979 431.080 | 2 491 719 052 878.040 | 2 594 587 660 717.320 | 2 575 294 173 170.290 | 2 542 886 629 054.020 | 2 581 312 013 646.010 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro | | 9 810 046 932 556.380 | 9 915 892 070 200.090 | 10 151 691 749 841.100 | 10 493 469 772 462.000 | 10 780 566 106 101.000 | 11 201 761 597 814.000 | 11 571 356 911 844.000 | 11 956 779 864 555.000 | 11 421 094 961 720.000 | 12 361 557 469 280.000 | 13 388 223 415 411.200 | 14 258 748 407 498.300 | 14 785 062 174 466.300 | 15 299 282 150 599.700 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 | | 10 175 256 379 106.400 | 10 159 196 663 238.300 | 10 301 912 987 079.200 | 10 493 469 772 462.000 | 10 685 546 439 441.600 | 10 981 631 658 969.300 | 11 172 974 350 397.300 | 11 350 338 134 195.500 | 10 643 295 788 370.600 | 11 265 351 879 064.300 | 11 654 103 013 821.700 | 11 714 291 023 279.200 | 11 799 377 212 704.800 | 11 970 532 501 816.900 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 2 014 139 594 986.920 | 1 970 417 356 127.130 | 1 998 926 179 124.530 | 2 086 542 610 779.000 | 2 165 893 341 093.950 | 2 256 154 719 003.950 | 2 327 225 729 012.740 | 2 483 822 466 059.760 | 2 328 213 052 302.940 | 2 408 017 295 192.400 | 2 470 225 225 722.060 | 2 505 128 908 985.940 | 2 496 958 915 494.010 | 2 536 671 000 488.970 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.015 | 0.003 | 0.001 | -0.003 | -0.004 | 0.005 | 0.000 | -0.007 | -0.006 | 0.013 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 5 585 721 640 965.860 | 5 552 920 520 582.820 | 5 602 553 099 084.040 | 5 705 111 265 689.000 | 5 812 813 205 820.170 | 5 923 664 097 709.090 | 6 011 164 763 030.920 | 6 092 058 442 859.420 | 5 614 836 947 776.490 | 5 862 483 948 287.250 | 6 107 550 813 898.110 | 6 140 911 876 121.340 | 6 209 560 742 321.720 | 6 308 786 780 650.600 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.263 | 0.249 | 0.765 | 1.332 | 1.940 | 1.093 | 1.014 | 1.719 | 0.971 | 4.202 | 1.571 | 0.718 | 1.136 | 0.663 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.263 | 1.236 | 0.957 | 1.446 | 0.889 | 1.105 | 1.531 | 1.714 | 1.870 | 2.271 | 4.691 | 5.954 | 2.943 | 1.998 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage | | 0.446 | 1.079 | 2.378 | 3.367 | 2.736 | 3.907 | 3.299 | 3.331 | -4.480 | 8.234 | 8.305 | 6.502 | 3.691 | 3.478 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.814 | -0.158 | 1.405 | 1.859 | 1.830 | 2.771 | 1.742 | 1.587 | -6.229 | 5.845 | 3.451 | 0.516 | 0.726 | 1.451 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -2.996 | -2.171 | 1.447 | 4.383 | 3.803 | 4.167 | 3.150 | 6.729 | -6.265 | 3.428 | 2.583 | 1.413 | -0.326 | 1.590 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.522 | 1.070 | 0.766 | 1.042 | 0.836 | 1.002 | 1.014 | 1.038 | 0.702 | 1.387 | 3.950 | 4.917 | 2.636 | 2.135 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.487 | 1.339 | 0.420 | 0.181 | 0.243 | 1.538 | 1.765 | 1.188 | 0.256 | 2.560 | 8.407 | 5.403 | 2.338 | 2.164 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -1.004 | -0.587 | 0.894 | 1.831 | 1.888 | 1.907 | 1.477 | 1.346 | -7.834 | 4.411 | 4.180 | 0.546 | 1.118 | 1.598 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro | | 5 766 948 811 746.280 | 5 792 710 569 695.690 | 5 878 060 224 321.850 | 6 004 009 939 418.090 | 6 158 974 197 664.220 | 6 339 008 593 301.560 | 6 550 146 188 108.030 | 6 745 718 454 787.250 | 6 764 145 040 738.600 | 7 028 138 889 323.430 | 7 456 142 034 574.460 | 7 998 895 092 942.970 | 8 332 196 970 060.890 | 8 622 045 975 537.180 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.981 | 0.994 | 0.998 | 1.000 | 1.002 | 1.018 | 1.036 | 1.048 | 1.051 | 1.078 | 1.168 | 1.231 | 1.260 | 1.287 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.972 | 0.982 | 0.990 | 1.000 | 1.008 | 1.018 | 1.029 | 1.039 | 1.047 | 1.061 | 1.103 | 1.157 | 1.188 | 1.213 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.964 | 0.976 | 0.986 | 1.000 | 1.009 | 1.020 | 1.036 | 1.053 | 1.073 | 1.097 | 1.149 | 1.217 | 1.253 | 1.278 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons | | 158 710 305.451 | 158 881 942.259 | 159 122 830.784 | 159 535 882.407 | 160 803 278.665 | 161 462 677.639 | 162 070 027.633 | 162 781 742.756 | 160 935 047.017 | 163 039 405.466 | 165 694 078.727 | 167 872 253.564 | 169 146 995.781 | 170 098 776.428 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 140 542 238.884 | 139 696 184.833 | 140 584 223.587 | 142 155 513.549 | 144 630 065.409 | 146 765 645.100 | 148 744 069.380 | 150 415 810.624 | 148 177 070.694 | 150 427 324.403 | 154 548 329.619 | 156 905 594.405 | 158 055 308.650 | 159 131 522.233 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 11.447 | 12.075 | 11.651 | 10.894 | 10.058 | 9.102 | 8.222 | 7.597 | 7.927 | 7.736 | 6.727 | 6.533 | 6.557 | 6.448 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 3.672 | 2.860 | 1.958 | 1.143 | 0.784 | 1.032 | 1.077 | 0.391 | 0.004 | 0.037 | 1.830 | 3.097 | 2.880 | 2.782 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 0.576 | 0.222 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.431 | 3.736 | 2.799 |