External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -1.594 | 1.571 | 3.358 | -2.587 | -1.070 | 0.311 | 0.117 | 3.482 | 7.381 | 1.328 | -5.402 | 1.925 | 3.168 | 2.962 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro | | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.753 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.951 | 0.925 | 0.924 | 0.924 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar | | 1.285 | 1.328 | 1.330 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.081 | 1.083 | 1.082 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 26 415 166 884.890 | 28 335 484 976.192 | 27 819 019 478.447 | 28 492 433 519.958 | 29 896 304 838.184 | 33 938 623 645.487 | 36 248 470 547.918 | 39 897 661 498.690 | 39 983 277 316.318 | 46 797 316 520.707 | 52 501 403 902.966 | 50 760 829 577.919 | 50 584 849 733.958 | 52 283 261 228.474 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 25 912 821 913.492 | 27 611 331 490.507 | 27 128 317 981.421 | 28 701 393 884.424 | 29 987 546 640.812 | 33 684 188 719.828 | 35 846 177 834.060 | 38 734 977 180.837 | 37 960 734 486.897 | 44 949 591 722.191 | 50 478 299 483.264 | 48 410 649 031.906 | 48 712 752 381.373 | 50 368 877 242.014 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 25 410 476 942.093 | 26 887 178 004.821 | 26 437 616 484.394 | 28 910 354 248.890 | 30 078 788 443.440 | 33 429 753 794.169 | 35 443 885 120.202 | 37 572 292 862.984 | 35 938 191 657.476 | 43 101 866 923.675 | 48 455 195 063.562 | 46 060 468 485.894 | 46 840 655 028.787 | 48 454 493 255.554 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 24.957 | 22.276 | 27.834 | 30.752 | 30.225 | 30.544 | 26.176 | 31.004 | 34.654 | 33.574 | 28.591 | 30.014 | 30.014 | 30.014 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 51.266 | 48.877 | 52.635 | 53.415 | 50.936 | 47.074 | 40.683 | 44.484 | 55.198 | 50.381 | 37.861 | 39.470 | 41.943 | 43.586 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -3.171 | -2.626 | -0.602 | -0.299 | 0.252 | 0.417 | 0.537 | 0.488 | -6.490 | -1.148 | -0.589 | -0.796 | -2.834 | -2.278 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -1.284 | -0.916 | 0.948 | 1.168 | 1.524 | 1.486 | 1.379 | 1.315 | -5.841 | -0.731 | -0.314 | -0.582 | -2.599 | -2.011 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 39.701 | 38.673 | 40.533 | 42.524 | 39.719 | 39.124 | 33.663 | 35.797 | 46.242 | 43.442 | 38.069 | 38.282 | 40.755 | 42.398 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.020 | -0.019 | 0.003 | 0.034 | -0.013 | -0.014 | -0.010 | -0.016 | -0.010 | -0.004 | 0.000 | -0.035 | -0.001 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 | | 23 812 866 120.000 | 25 544 003 304.000 | 25 078 417 612.000 | 25 685 489 999.000 | 26 951 058 371.000 | 30 595 146 519.000 | 32 677 437 927.000 | 35 967 127 367.000 | 36 044 308 708.000 | 42 187 060 106.000 | 47 329 207 031.000 | 45 760 106 084.000 | 45 601 462 964.980 | 47 132 554 769.617 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 6 355 814 396.000 | 6 399 997 295.000 | 6 417 963 539.000 | 6 428 192 502.000 | 6 437 779 994.000 | 6 415 370 127.000 | 6 428 974 429.000 | 6 411 023 553.000 | 6 321 346 129.000 | 6 397 162 308.000 | 6 421 260 190.000 | 6 435 479 611.000 | 6 480 702 158.390 | 6 605 051 829.106 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 6 228 364 543.000 | 6 093 736 660.000 | 6 508 391 322.000 | 7 943 340 781.000 | 7 708 455 210.000 | 7 870 506 180.000 | 8 274 939 143.000 | 8 218 986 052.000 | 7 720 693 845.000 | 8 587 618 995.000 | 8 937 671 438.000 | 8 510 720 852.000 | 9 131 168 971.660 | 9 495 798 352.462 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro | | 33 410 162 713.000 | 35 039 540 624.000 | 36 581 310 773.000 | 37 345 698 272.000 | 38 889 862 366.000 | 42 276 297 249.000 | 45 515 225 950.000 | 48 959 160 477.000 | 49 873 172 425.000 | 56 478 107 351.000 | 67 436 536 697.000 | 71 986 179 246.000 | 74 850 513 612.938 | 79 057 188 311.940 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 | | 76 574 998 759.192 | 79 293 465 740.448 | 82 098 085 212.124 | 83 760 229 661.055 | 85 870 004 520.738 | 89 547 471 901.656 | 93 123 380 302.752 | 97 468 218 296.714 | 97 444 227 967.377 | 103 568 315 794.255 | 106 095 564 146.448 | 105 738 990 408.570 | 107 574 685 009.747 | 110 879 961 378.687 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 | | 37 877 794 342.552 | 39 222 483 012.634 | 40 609 786 979.708 | 41 431 966 106.373 | 42 475 565 447.399 | 44 294 623 304.571 | 46 063 445 050.563 | 48 212 617 530.533 | 48 200 750 723.147 | 51 230 028 463.936 | 52 480 130 911.055 | 52 303 751 845.692 | 53 211 777 489.907 | 54 846 731 202.956 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 | | 34 142 060 144.000 | 35 354 127 590.000 | 36 604 607 358.000 | 37 345 698 271.000 | 38 286 371 615.000 | 39 926 023 127.000 | 41 520 393 113.000 | 43 457 601 373.000 | 43 446 904 941.000 | 46 177 417 227.000 | 47 304 227 108.000 | 47 145 243 599.000 | 47 963 714 333.508 | 49 437 419 151.131 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 6 100 940 863.000 | 6 607 286 777.000 | 6 984 746 126.000 | 7 323 926 980.000 | 7 571 054 142.000 | 8 245 201 491.000 | 9 071 739 038.000 | 9 716 273 517.000 | 9 697 890 409.000 | 10 606 330 988.000 | 10 989 167 870.000 | 12 150 374 847.000 | 12 965 882 823.398 | 13 379 361 568.943 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 | | 22 903 287 063.000 | 24 234 285 628.000 | 23 829 081 248.000 | 26 057 839 999.000 | 27 110 987 637.000 | 30 131 321 397.000 | 31 946 723 290.000 | 33 865 126 224.000 | 32 392 257 805.000 | 38 849 110 678.000 | 43 674 238 967.000 | 41 515 794 229.000 | 42 219 001 665.653 | 43 673 606 404.679 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.040 | 0.012 | -0.001 | -0.048 | 0.006 | 0.017 | 0.007 | 0.032 | 0.033 | -0.003 | 0.004 | 0.015 | -0.015 | 0.000 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 20 743 316 033.000 | 21 637 294 579.000 | 22 436 755 600.000 | 23 346 514 990.000 | 24 300 065 680.000 | 25 166 446 243.000 | 26 080 298 261.000 | 26 795 381 039.000 | 25 900 423 848.000 | 28 007 472 856.000 | 28 576 877 135.000 | 28 283 578 166.000 | 29 110 490 867.237 | 30 050 533 204.713 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 10.848 | 7.270 | -1.823 | 2.421 | 4.927 | 13.521 | 6.806 | 10.067 | 0.215 | 17.042 | 12.189 | -3.315 | -0.347 | 3.358 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.304 | 0.695 | 0.281 | 0.159 | 0.149 | -0.348 | 0.212 | -0.279 | -1.399 | 1.199 | 0.377 | 0.221 | 0.703 | 1.919 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.734 | 1.281 | 0.834 | 0.064 | 1.576 | 4.243 | 3.527 | 2.772 | 1.892 | 6.547 | 16.559 | 7.107 | 2.205 | 2.472 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage | | 6.683 | 4.877 | 4.400 | 2.090 | 4.135 | 8.708 | 7.661 | 7.567 | 1.867 | 13.243 | 19.403 | 6.747 | 3.979 | 5.620 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.844 | 3.550 | 3.537 | 2.025 | 2.519 | 4.283 | 3.993 | 4.666 | -0.025 | 6.285 | 2.440 | -0.336 | 1.736 | 3.073 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -1.778 | 8.299 | 5.713 | 4.856 | 3.374 | 8.904 | 10.024 | 7.105 | -0.189 | 9.367 | 3.610 | 10.567 | 6.712 | 3.189 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.009 | 1.416 | 0.705 | 1.883 | 1.728 | 2.639 | 1.880 | 2.319 | 2.600 | 3.425 | 10.464 | 9.553 | 3.335 | 2.435 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.164 | 1.164 | 0.242 | -0.677 | 0.678 | 3.718 | 2.531 | 2.242 | 1.062 | 4.625 | 18.858 | 8.685 | 1.760 | 2.631 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 5.170 | 5.811 | -1.672 | 9.353 | 4.042 | 11.141 | 6.025 | 6.005 | -4.349 | 19.933 | 12.420 | -4.942 | 1.694 | 3.445 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.086 | 4.310 | 3.695 | 4.055 | 4.084 | 3.565 | 3.631 | 2.742 | -3.340 | 8.135 | 2.033 | -1.026 | 2.924 | 3.229 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro | | 20 414 176 411.000 | 21 330 808 193.000 | 21 586 451 893.000 | 22 243 458 528.000 | 23 932 338 813.000 | 24 994 200 804.000 | 26 617 206 647.000 | 29 345 368 087.000 | 32 052 406 012.000 | 34 685 285 819.000 | 39 249 025 579.000 | 43 725 589 134.653 | 48 446 851 398.865 | 51 923 656 819.756 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.993 | 1.004 | 1.007 | 1.000 | 1.007 | 1.044 | 1.071 | 1.095 | 1.106 | 1.157 | 1.376 | 1.495 | 1.522 | 1.562 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.961 | 0.975 | 0.982 | 1.000 | 1.017 | 1.044 | 1.064 | 1.088 | 1.117 | 1.155 | 1.276 | 1.398 | 1.444 | 1.479 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 1.098 | 1.079 | 1.054 | 1.000 | 0.975 | 1.017 | 1.048 | 1.051 | 1.011 | 1.072 | 1.237 | 1.235 | 1.253 | 1.274 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.979 | 0.991 | 0.999 | 1.000 | 1.016 | 1.059 | 1.096 | 1.127 | 1.148 | 1.223 | 1.426 | 1.527 | 1.561 | 1.599 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 1.132 | 1.116 | 1.082 | 1.000 | 0.959 | 1.000 | 1.046 | 1.040 | 0.983 | 1.099 | 1.371 | 1.294 | 1.308 | 1.332 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro | | 0.453 | 0.443 | 0.443 | 0.446 | 0.438 | 0.443 | 0.447 | 0.432 | 0.433 | 0.434 | 0.467 | 0.486 | 0.483 | 0.486 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons | | 1 472 550.000 | 1 465 225.000 | 1 477 050.000 | 1 468 875.000 | 1 477 550.000 | 1 457 925.000 | 1 464 750.000 | 1 470 375.000 | 1 484 125.000 | 1 473 425.000 | 1 510 150.000 | 1 546 550.000 | 1 569 387.917 | 1 555 806.900 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 1 275 750.000 | 1 292 775.000 | 1 319 025.000 | 1 334 925.000 | 1 361 400.000 | 1 354 800.000 | 1 374 700.000 | 1 378 400.000 | 1 358 150.000 | 1 368 650.000 | 1 420 825.000 | 1 441 075.000 | 1 462 126.816 | 1 462 400.845 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 13.365 | 11.770 | 10.699 | 9.119 | 7.861 | 7.073 | 6.148 | 6.255 | 8.488 | 7.111 | 5.915 | 6.820 | 6.835 | 6.004 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 5.141 | 3.989 | 2.773 | 1.368 | 0.871 | 0.808 | 1.171 | 0.692 | 0.252 | 0.213 | 2.727 | 4.231 | 3.762 | 3.662 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 1.082 | 0.510 | 0.327 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.431 | 3.736 | 2.799 |