External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 0.086 | 2.038 | 1.698 | 2.025 | 3.174 | 2.771 | 1.878 | 2.107 | 0.618 | 0.761 | 0.612 | 2.549 | 1.409 | 1.238 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro | | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.951 | 0.928 | 0.937 | 0.937 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar | | 1.286 | 1.328 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.078 | 1.067 | 1.067 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 353 188 949 494.289 | 368 651 823 548.101 | 385 337 173 188.921 | 401 970 384 578.753 | 423 561 167 110.452 | 446 905 791 659.446 | 454 626 690 103.705 | 464 690 481 868.982 | 371 482 819 644.330 | 421 622 067 903.474 | 485 511 393 205.233 | 492 165 939 063.109 | 499 164 687 779.892 | 511 931 045 675.668 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 339 844 375 860.577 | 347 226 386 261.424 | 366 645 885 127.933 | 383 795 219 426.029 | 399 433 774 658.157 | 423 842 964 775.256 | 435 559 966 629.352 | 443 274 682 496.516 | 365 002 815 445.276 | 416 814 669 377.194 | 463 150 717 212.798 | 466 436 082 796.363 | 474 370 092 554.245 | 486 132 305 726.046 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 326 499 802 226.866 | 325 800 948 974.746 | 347 954 597 066.944 | 365 620 054 273.306 | 375 306 382 205.862 | 400 780 137 891.066 | 416 493 243 154.998 | 421 858 883 124.051 | 358 522 811 246.222 | 412 007 270 850.915 | 440 790 041 220.363 | 440 706 226 529.617 | 449 575 497 328.597 | 460 333 565 776.425 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 37.919 | 41.394 | 41.919 | 40.038 | 38.409 | 38.036 | 37.454 | 35.584 | 40.593 | 40.911 | 39.132 | 39.132 | 39.132 | 39.132 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 97.149 | 111.293 | 124.110 | 121.318 | 121.121 | 119.264 | 117.643 | 120.558 | 147.983 | 140.876 | 116.259 | 114.120 | 114.739 | 114.597 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -11.551 | -7.528 | -6.110 | -5.309 | -4.298 | -3.116 | -2.594 | -3.060 | -10.116 | -6.730 | -4.734 | -3.593 | -3.202 | -3.091 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -9.005 | -4.547 | -3.109 | -2.698 | -1.899 | -0.871 | -0.402 | -1.008 | -8.072 | -4.774 | -2.591 | -1.381 | -0.696 | -0.314 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 89.982 | 100.488 | 105.059 | 103.299 | 102.749 | 101.800 | 100.415 | 98.221 | 120.266 | 116.841 | 111.618 | 109.479 | 110.099 | 109.956 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.006 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.009 | -0.002 | 0.000 | 0.003 | -0.002 | -0.008 | 0.014 | -0.002 | -0.003 | -0.001 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 | | 318 382 000 000.000 | 332 321 000 000.000 | 347 362 000 000.000 | 362 356 000 000.000 | 381 819 000 000.000 | 402 863 000 000.000 | 409 823 000 000.000 | 418 895 000 000.000 | 334 873 000 000.000 | 380 071 000 000.000 | 437 664 000 000.000 | 443 662 737 000.000 | 449 971 755 493.181 | 461 479 982 365.491 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 211 836 000 000.000 | 207 634 000 000.000 | 206 342 000 000.000 | 210 417 000 000.000 | 212 563 000 000.000 | 214 743 000 000.000 | 219 583 000 000.000 | 223 712 000 000.000 | 231 682 000 000.000 | 239 469 000 000.000 | 239 033 000 000.000 | 245 270 241 400.000 | 249 122 478 910.730 | 252 407 957 597.502 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 182 970 000 000.000 | 175 738 000 000.000 | 186 007 000 000.000 | 204 701 000 000.000 | 207 599 000 000.000 | 220 696 000 000.000 | 237 809 000 000.000 | 245 280 000 000.000 | 214 615 000 000.000 | 234 798 000 000.000 | 238 112 000 000.000 | 238 823 504 899.581 | 240 927 010 146.351 | 246 168 262 421.367 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro | | 1 031 104 000 000.000 | 1 020 677 000 000.000 | 1 032 608 000 000.000 | 1 078 092 000 000.000 | 1 114 420 000 000.000 | 1 162 492 000 000.000 | 1 203 859 000 000.000 | 1 245 513 000 000.000 | 1 119 010 000 000.000 | 1 222 290 000 000.000 | 1 346 377 000 000.000 | 1 454 479 730 323.180 | 1 506 350 182 832.890 | 1 573 644 254 410.820 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 | | 1 562 314 234 471.000 | 1 540 389 624 710.410 | 1 561 888 499 287.650 | 1 621 843 446 275.340 | 1 671 111 387 105.550 | 1 720 838 159 140.430 | 1 760 151 719 376.020 | 1 795 072 534 963.550 | 1 594 609 933 821.930 | 1 696 715 672 691.200 | 1 794 630 251 769.540 | 1 837 846 557 668.150 | 1 863 811 456 149.780 | 1 900 926 170 838.170 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 | | 1 152 186 781 578.250 | 1 136 017 662 075.880 | 1 151 872 807 321.410 | 1 196 088 814 501.830 | 1 232 423 291 220.820 | 1 269 096 150 089.420 | 1 298 089 398 336.670 | 1 323 843 053 545.160 | 1 176 004 447 111.170 | 1 251 306 124 617.990 | 1 323 516 875 341.940 | 1 355 388 348 638.660 | 1 374 537 129 437.990 | 1 401 908 757 195.380 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 | | 1 038 521 000 000.000 | 1 023 947 000 000.000 | 1 038 238 000 000.000 | 1 078 092 000 000.000 | 1 110 842 000 000.000 | 1 143 897 000 000.000 | 1 170 030 000 000.000 | 1 193 243 000 000.000 | 1 059 989 000 000.000 | 1 127 862 000 000.000 | 1 192 949 000 000.000 | 1 221 676 281 764.370 | 1 238 935 992 865.430 | 1 263 607 348 833.680 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 184 844 000 000.000 | 177 853 000 000.000 | 185 109 000 000.000 | 194 121 000 000.000 | 198 695 000 000.000 | 212 240 000 000.000 | 225 669 000 000.000 | 235 829 000 000.000 | 214 568 000 000.000 | 220 472 000 000.000 | 225 715 000 000.000 | 229 610 225 500.000 | 232 879 874 239.795 | 238 166 328 917.754 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 | | 294 332 000 000.000 | 293 702 000 000.000 | 313 673 000 000.000 | 329 598 000 000.000 | 338 330 000 000.000 | 361 294 000 000.000 | 375 459 000 000.000 | 380 296 000 000.000 | 323 200 000 000.000 | 371 415 000 000.000 | 397 362 000 000.000 | 397 286 443 000.000 | 405 281 884 942.080 | 414 980 034 162.353 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.020 | 0.014 | -0.005 | -0.001 | 0.010 | -0.002 | -0.006 | 0.004 | -0.022 | -0.002 | 0.029 | 0.006 | -0.002 | 0.001 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 619 901 000 000.000 | 601 999 000 000.000 | 612 170 000 000.000 | 630 215 000 000.000 | 647 189 000 000.000 | 666 761 000 000.000 | 678 062 000 000.000 | 685 395 000 000.000 | 601 372 000 000.000 | 643 853 000 000.000 | 674 156 000 000.000 | 688 797 242 500.000 | 701 871 396 083.453 | 716 146 868 032.163 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.936 | 4.378 | 4.526 | 4.317 | 5.371 | 5.512 | 1.728 | 2.214 | -20.058 | 13.497 | 15.153 | 1.371 | 1.422 | 2.558 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -4.206 | -1.984 | -0.622 | 1.975 | 1.020 | 1.026 | 2.254 | 1.880 | 3.563 | 3.361 | -0.182 | 2.609 | 1.571 | 1.319 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.115 | 0.398 | -0.224 | 0.545 | 0.322 | 1.299 | 1.245 | 1.447 | 1.138 | 2.656 | 4.142 | 5.489 | 2.123 | 2.428 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage | | -3.070 | -1.011 | 1.169 | 4.405 | 3.370 | 4.314 | 3.558 | 3.460 | -10.157 | 9.230 | 10.152 | 8.029 | 3.566 | 4.467 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -2.959 | -1.403 | 1.396 | 3.839 | 3.038 | 2.976 | 2.285 | 1.984 | -11.167 | 6.403 | 5.771 | 2.408 | 1.413 | 1.991 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -7.416 | -3.782 | 4.080 | 4.868 | 2.356 | 6.817 | 6.327 | 4.502 | -9.015 | 2.752 | 2.378 | 1.726 | 1.424 | 2.270 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.280 | 1.258 | -0.104 | 0.335 | 0.667 | 1.243 | 1.043 | 1.063 | 0.506 | 0.552 | 3.791 | 4.306 | 3.056 | 2.164 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.436 | 1.530 | -0.190 | -0.629 | -0.337 | 2.036 | 1.736 | 0.780 | -0.337 | 3.008 | 8.323 | 3.522 | 3.660 | 2.340 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | -5.835 | -0.214 | 6.800 | 5.077 | 2.649 | 6.787 | 3.921 | 1.288 | -15.014 | 14.918 | 6.986 | -0.019 | 2.013 | 2.393 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -3.318 | -2.888 | 1.690 | 2.948 | 2.693 | 3.024 | 1.695 | 1.081 | -12.259 | 7.064 | 4.707 | 2.172 | 1.898 | 2.034 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro | | 629 440 000 000.000 | 629 148 000 000.000 | 628 963 000 000.000 | 653 814 000 000.000 | 671 205 000 000.000 | 692 516 000 000.000 | 712 210 000 000.000 | 747 877 000 000.000 | 731 045 000 000.000 | 752 748 000 000.000 | 792 086 000 000.000 | 841 390 035 355.424 | 875 533 214 671.180 | 916 984 557 980.153 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.993 | 1.008 | 1.006 | 1.000 | 0.997 | 1.017 | 1.035 | 1.043 | 1.039 | 1.070 | 1.159 | 1.200 | 1.244 | 1.273 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.985 | 0.998 | 0.997 | 1.000 | 1.007 | 1.019 | 1.030 | 1.041 | 1.046 | 1.052 | 1.092 | 1.139 | 1.173 | 1.199 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 1.019 | 1.012 | 0.995 | 1.000 | 0.988 | 1.014 | 1.032 | 1.038 | 1.029 | 1.099 | 1.257 | 1.272 | 1.283 | 1.301 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.993 | 0.997 | 0.995 | 1.000 | 1.003 | 1.016 | 1.029 | 1.044 | 1.056 | 1.084 | 1.129 | 1.191 | 1.216 | 1.245 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 1.030 | 1.009 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.984 | 1.014 | 1.040 | 1.047 | 1.016 | 1.093 | 1.344 | 1.288 | 1.344 | 1.368 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro | | 0.695 | 0.675 | 0.662 | 0.665 | 0.643 | 0.631 | 0.632 | 0.613 | 0.621 | 0.626 | 0.608 | 0.619 | 0.614 | 0.614 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons | | 23 443 700.000 | 23 190 125.000 | 22 954 575.000 | 22 922 025.000 | 22 822 725.000 | 22 741 725.000 | 22 806 850.000 | 23 027 075.000 | 22 733 350.000 | 23 203 150.000 | 23 415 149.999 | 23 929 725.177 | 24 438 926.306 | 24 959 299.393 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 17 632 675.000 | 17 139 000.000 | 17 344 175.000 | 17 866 050.000 | 18 341 550.000 | 18 824 800.000 | 19 327 725.000 | 19 779 300.000 | 19 202 425.000 | 19 773 600.000 | 20 390 575.000 | 21 046 700.942 | 21 511 267.464 | 22 007 953.808 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 24.787 | 26.094 | 24.441 | 22.057 | 19.635 | 17.224 | 15.255 | 14.104 | 15.532 | 14.781 | 12.917 | 12.048 | 11.979 | 11.825 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 5.847 | 4.562 | 2.722 | 1.735 | 1.393 | 1.558 | 1.419 | 0.661 | 0.379 | 0.349 | 2.199 | 3.542 | 4.479 | 4.560 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.386 | 3.777 | 3.527 |