External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -4.101 | -1.957 | -2.912 | -1.288 | -1.022 | -1.124 | -1.941 | -0.236 | 2.451 | -1.307 | -2.395 | 0.307 | -1.266 | -1.302 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Zloty | | 3.252 | 3.160 | 3.154 | 3.770 | 3.944 | 3.779 | 3.611 | 3.839 | 3.899 | 3.861 | 4.458 | 4.222 | 4.142 | 4.142 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar | | 0.308 | 0.317 | 0.318 | 0.265 | 0.254 | 0.265 | 0.277 | 0.260 | 0.257 | 0.259 | 0.225 | 0.237 | 0.241 | 0.241 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 191 892 344 152.305 | 201 559 648 689.000 | 212 729 785 767.401 | 226 757 480 075.548 | 247 140 717 189.625 | 269 456 554 613.039 | 287 644 230 917.188 | 303 026 809 283.376 | 299 637 195 307.436 | 336 531 987 870.234 | 359 290 980 141.309 | 352 268 148 266.907 | 356 123 485 101.341 | 368 008 919 003.461 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 188 048 738 309.096 | 194 487 837 375.186 | 208 857 399 357.066 | 221 635 321 523.758 | 240 182 585 928.806 | 262 764 267 273.502 | 281 467 991 251.763 | 293 602 719 677.508 | 288 327 380 049.481 | 329 119 194 678.437 | 351 521 227 668.612 | 338 948 560 403.889 | 344 478 342 801.058 | 357 310 895 370.244 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 184 205 132 465.886 | 187 416 026 061.372 | 204 985 012 946.731 | 216 513 162 971.967 | 233 224 454 667.987 | 256 071 979 933.966 | 275 291 751 586.337 | 284 178 630 071.640 | 277 017 564 791.527 | 321 706 401 486.641 | 343 751 475 195.915 | 325 628 972 540.871 | 332 833 200 500.776 | 346 612 871 737.028 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 29.565 | 27.917 | 28.344 | 27.413 | 29.219 | 27.811 | 27.602 | 26.835 | 32.148 | 30.741 | 27.598 | 27.598 | 27.598 | 27.598 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 66.043 | 67.142 | 71.918 | 70.450 | 73.381 | 68.979 | 66.796 | 63.691 | 77.571 | 68.014 | 58.848 | 60.862 | 63.542 | 65.869 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -3.819 | -4.269 | -3.670 | -2.605 | -2.398 | -1.493 | -0.250 | -0.744 | -6.929 | -1.832 | -3.683 | -5.160 | -4.277 | -4.426 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -1.511 | -2.036 | -1.944 | -1.035 | -0.848 | -0.073 | 1.020 | 0.458 | -5.755 | -0.835 | -2.682 | -4.040 | -2.877 | -2.851 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 54.828 | 57.131 | 51.412 | 51.445 | 54.479 | 50.810 | 48.750 | 45.762 | 57.227 | 53.609 | 49.364 | 51.378 | 54.058 | 56.386 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.007 | -0.014 | 0.008 | -0.004 | 0.013 | 0.010 | 0.007 | -0.011 | -0.013 | 0.031 | 0.016 | -0.040 | -0.004 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Zloty, 2015 | | 722 440 900 000.000 | 758 836 600 000.000 | 800 890 200 000.000 | 853 702 000 000.000 | 930 441 300 000.000 | 1 014 456 500 000.000 | 1 082 929 900 000.000 | 1 140 842 600 000.000 | 1 128 081 300 000.000 | 1 266 983 700 000.000 | 1 352 667 300 000.000 | 1 326 227 574 109.400 | 1 340 742 238 697.900 | 1 385 488 805 336.970 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Zloty, 2015 | | 297 491 700 000.000 | 303 395 000 000.000 | 313 769 000 000.000 | 322 212 100 000.000 | 329 875 600 000.000 | 338 102 600 000.000 | 351 145 100 000.000 | 372 781 700 000.000 | 389 766 700 000.000 | 409 137 700 000.000 | 412 579 700 000.000 | 431 553 975 498.000 | 445 873 099 993.248 | 463 419 254 107.262 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Zloty, 2015 | | 326 229 300 000.000 | 306 087 900 000.000 | 354 760 900 000.000 | 373 237 900 000.000 | 368 884 200 000.000 | 393 818 700 000.000 | 452 090 400 000.000 | 454 918 900 000.000 | 422 673 600 000.001 | 493 303 100 000.001 | 550 518 900 000.000 | 480 808 007 128.291 | 480 024 630 887.818 | 495 901 081 775.368 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Zloty | | 1 611 440 300 000.000 | 1 629 697 000 000.000 | 1 699 822 000 000.000 | 1 794 964 400 000.000 | 1 853 962 400 000.000 | 1 982 281 100 000.010 | 2 124 731 500 000.000 | 2 285 775 300 000.000 | 2 335 532 100 000.000 | 2 631 128 500 000.000 | 3 063 258 900 000.000 | 3 406 096 811 415.990 | 3 577 888 576 117.410 | 3 799 655 129 092.540 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 | | 931 788 722 817.756 | 939 694 731 651.004 | 975 011 046 925.439 | 1 016 834 798 166.800 | 1 048 448 525 722.130 | 1 103 066 098 038.950 | 1 167 787 218 096.690 | 1 218 989 178 020.950 | 1 194 223 666 093.060 | 1 275 889 356 729.250 | 1 346 851 836 163.420 | 1 352 438 461 586.980 | 1 387 296 775 666.180 | 1 427 742 170 148.450 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 | | 436 407 589 873.644 | 440 110 405 947.661 | 456 650 966 757.977 | 476 239 315 523.911 | 491 045 752 124.282 | 516 626 146 601.964 | 546 938 584 740.203 | 570 919 261 239.249 | 559 320 218 336.311 | 597 568 725 055.873 | 630 804 332 938.819 | 633 420 854 986.061 | 649 746 908 802.595 | 668 689 697 758.142 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Zloty, 2015 | | 1 645 219 300 000.000 | 1 659 178 600 000.000 | 1 721 535 100 000.000 | 1 795 381 500 000.000 | 1 851 200 500 000.000 | 1 947 636 400 000.000 | 2 061 911 700 000.000 | 2 152 316 800 000.000 | 2 108 589 400 000.000 | 2 252 783 000 000.000 | 2 378 078 400 000.000 | 2 387 942 464 399.620 | 2 449 490 291 373.890 | 2 520 902 986 085.540 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Zloty, 2015 | | 303 730 500 000.000 | 304 770 400 000.000 | 341 874 900 000.000 | 366 519 500 000.000 | 338 539 700 000.000 | 344 907 100 000.000 | 389 160 400 000.000 | 414 862 700 000.000 | 410 736 200 000.000 | 412 076 700 000.000 | 434 978 600 000.000 | 464 343 611 380.800 | 473 211 825 558.890 | 488 874 374 491.168 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Zloty, 2015 | | 694 558 400 000.000 | 706 665 300 000.000 | 772 910 400 000.000 | 816 378 100 000.000 | 879 389 200 000.000 | 965 537 400 000.000 | 1 038 006 900 000.000 | 1 071 515 500 000.000 | 1 044 514 200 000.000 | 1 213 016 600 000.000 | 1 296 139 100 000.000 | 1 227 806 929 883.000 | 1 254 970 977 801.120 | 1 306 928 196 789.850 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.020 | 0.014 | -0.017 | 0.005 | 0.008 | -0.001 | -0.002 | 0.012 | 0.007 | -0.011 | 0.002 | 0.020 | -0.005 | -0.002 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Zloty, 2015 | | 989 488 500 000.000 | 989 410 900 000.000 | 1 021 343 800 000.000 | 1 059 312 700 000.000 | 1 098 149 600 000.000 | 1 165 016 200 000.000 | 1 218 821 100 000.000 | 1 260 796 800 000.000 | 1 217 887 300 000.000 | 1 293 475 000 000.000 | 1 360 948 700 000.000 | 1 342 024 191 203.200 | 1 376 350 966 328.070 | 1 419 629 146 536.520 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.044 | 1.202 | 0.733 | 0.451 | -0.188 | 0.704 | 0.757 | 1.881 | 3.848 | 4.057 | 8.960 | 10.061 | 4.897 | 3.749 |
Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.958 | 5.038 | 5.542 | 6.594 | 8.989 | 9.030 | 6.750 | 5.348 | -1.119 | 12.313 | 6.763 | -1.955 | 1.094 | 3.337 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.439 | 1.984 | 3.419 | 2.691 | 2.378 | 2.494 | 3.858 | 6.162 | 4.556 | 4.970 | 0.841 | 4.599 | 3.318 | 3.935 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.229 | 0.282 | 0.525 | 1.254 | 0.172 | 1.627 | 1.246 | 3.061 | 4.296 | 5.446 | 10.290 | 10.733 | 2.404 | 3.190 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage | | 3.922 | 1.133 | 4.303 | 5.597 | 3.287 | 6.921 | 7.186 | 7.579 | 2.177 | 12.656 | 16.424 | 11.192 | 5.044 | 6.198 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.656 | 0.848 | 3.758 | 4.290 | 3.109 | 5.209 | 5.867 | 4.385 | -2.032 | 6.838 | 5.562 | 0.415 | 2.577 | 2.915 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.346 | 0.342 | 12.175 | 7.209 | -7.634 | 1.881 | 12.830 | 6.605 | -0.995 | 0.326 | 5.558 | 6.751 | 1.910 | 3.310 |
Headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.560 | 0.992 | 0.054 | -0.874 | -0.665 | 2.076 | 1.813 | 2.227 | 3.374 | 5.055 | 14.429 | 11.773 | 4.715 | 3.749 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.658 | 1.743 | 9.374 | 5.624 | 7.718 | 9.796 | 7.506 | 3.228 | -2.520 | 16.132 | 6.853 | -5.272 | 2.212 | 4.140 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.860 | -0.008 | 3.227 | 3.718 | 3.666 | 6.089 | 4.618 | 3.444 | -3.403 | 6.206 | 5.216 | -1.391 | 2.558 | 3.144 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Zloty | | 986 328 000 000.000 | 996 395 000 000.000 | 1 049 179 000 000.000 | 1 074 724 000 000.000 | 1 129 593 000 000.000 | 1 192 478 000 000.000 | 1 259 874 000 000.000 | 1 345 784 000 000.000 | 1 449 819 000 000.000 | 1 492 518 000 000.000 | 1 707 795 000 000.000 | 1 966 506 514 189.310 | 2 127 695 735 151.720 | 2 243 025 647 027.160 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index | Index, 2015 | | 0.998 | 1.008 | 1.009 | 1.000 | 0.993 | 1.014 | 1.032 | 1.055 | 1.091 | 1.146 | 1.311 | 1.466 | 1.535 | 1.593 |
Core inflation index | Index, 2015 | | 0.977 | 0.988 | 0.996 | 1.000 | 0.998 | 1.005 | 1.013 | 1.032 | 1.072 | 1.115 | 1.215 | 1.337 | 1.403 | 1.455 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.989 | 0.988 | 0.989 | 1.002 | 1.003 | 1.017 | 1.035 | 1.066 | 1.099 | 1.199 | 1.419 | 1.512 | 1.544 | 1.575 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.979 | 0.982 | 0.987 | 1.000 | 1.001 | 1.018 | 1.030 | 1.062 | 1.108 | 1.168 | 1.288 | 1.426 | 1.461 | 1.507 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 1.045 | 1.034 | 1.014 | 1.000 | 0.996 | 1.011 | 1.038 | 1.057 | 1.058 | 1.179 | 1.449 | 1.457 | 1.487 | 1.517 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Zloty | | 1.796 | 1.762 | 1.767 | 1.765 | 1.733 | 1.743 | 1.748 | 1.723 | 1.747 | 1.823 | 1.888 | 2.008 | 2.026 | 2.042 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons | | 16 847 250.000 | 16 907 000.000 | 17 011 750.000 | 17 020 000.000 | 16 985 750.000 | 17 033 500.000 | 16 942 000.000 | 16 838 000.000 | 16 766 500.000 | 17 226 750.000 | 17 245 750.000 | 17 379 245.183 | 17 489 429.761 | 17 528 806.395 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 15 093 000.000 | 15 113 500.000 | 15 449 500.000 | 15 725 000.000 | 15 927 750.000 | 16 195 250.000 | 16 278 000.000 | 16 275 750.000 | 16 225 750.000 | 16 652 000.000 | 16 753 250.000 | 16 874 316.596 | 16 907 139.474 | 16 907 139.474 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 10.413 | 10.608 | 9.183 | 7.609 | 6.229 | 4.921 | 3.919 | 3.339 | 3.225 | 3.336 | 2.856 | 2.905 | 3.329 | 3.547 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 4.999 | 4.033 | 3.516 | 2.701 | 3.036 | 3.420 | 3.198 | 2.348 | 1.499 | 1.944 | 6.053 | 5.810 | 5.378 | 5.228 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 4.875 | 2.976 | 2.489 | 1.738 | 1.702 | 1.729 | 1.711 | 1.718 | 0.595 | 0.605 | 6.189 | 6.634 | 5.855 | 5.105 |